Av 9 August 1 2017 on the
Rabbinic Calendar August 3 (Thursday) on the Biblical Calendar
Fast of Tisha B' Av
Fast Day Lamenting Destruction of Temples
- Fast begins prior to sunset of the previous day and concludes after sunset of
the date indicated above. Anniversary of the destruction of both the First and
Second Temples in Jerusalem, and other Jewish tragedies. Climax of three week
mourning period and, within those weeks, of a more intense nine-day mourning
period. Fast in memory of Elohim's declaration against murmurers entering
Canaan (Num 14:29-31). Special mourning customs and prayers. Work Restrictions:
Limited restrictions work through mid-day.
Tisha
B'Av falls in July or August in the Gregorian calendar. When the ninth of Av falls on Shabbat, the observance is deferred
until Sunday the tenth (although that day is still referred to as Tish`ah
be-Av). According to the Mishnah (Taanit 4:6), the day
commemorates five events: the destruction of the Temples, the return of the twelve scouts/spies sent by Moshe/Moses to observe the land of Canaan/Promised Land, the razing of Jerusalem
following the siege of Jerusalem in 70 CE, and the failure of Bar Kokhab's revolt against the Roman Empire.
The
Tisha B'Av fast lasts about 25 hours, beginning at sunset on the eve of Tisha
B'Av and ending at nightfall the next day. In addition to the prohibitions
against eating or drinking, observant Jews also observe prohibitions against
washing or bathing, applying creams or oils, wearing leather shoes, or having
marital relations. In addition, mourning customs similar to those applicable to the shiva period immediately
following the death of a close relative are traditionally followed for at least
part of the day, including sitting on low stools, refraining from work, and not
greeting others.
The Book of lamentations is traditionally read, followed by the kinnot, a series of liturgical
lamentations. In Sephardic communities, it is also customary to read the Book of Job.
Five calamities
According
to the Mishnah (Taanit 4:6), five specific events occurred on the ninth of Av that warrant fasting:
The twelve spies sent by Moshe/Moses to observe the land of Canaan returned from their mission.
Only two of the spies, Joshua and Caleb,
brought a positive report, while the others spoke disparagingly about the land.
The majority report caused the Children of Israel to cry, panic and despair of ever entering
the "Promised Land".
For this, they were punished by God that their generation would not enter the
land. Because of the Israelites' lack of faith, God decreed that for all
generations this date would become one of crying and misfortune for their
descendants, the Jewish people. (See Numbers Ch. 13–14)
1487 BCE Sabbath Year (Shemitah)
2439 (2460) 1487 BCE Ten of twelve
spies return with negative report, die; Numbers 14:37. They entered in 1489/85
and 2016 CE is 70 year Jubilee.
The First Temple built by King Solomon and the Kingdom of Judah was destroyed by the Babylonians led by Nebuchadnezzar in 586 BCE and the Judeans
were sent into the Babylonian exile.
588*/587/586 Sabbath Year
(Shemitah) BC Siege of Jerusalem Begins
2 Kings 25; Jeremiah's Conflicts
Jeremiah 21 - 33; Jeremiah Prophesies Judgment on Judah Jeremiah 34 - 45; Siege of Jerusalem
Begins Ezekiel 24 January 15th.
587 BC God's Vengeance on Ammon
and Edom Ezekiel 25
587/6* BCE 9/10th of Av Judah was
defeated by the Babylonian Empire. First Temple was destroyed *
586* BC The Fall of Jerusalem 2 Kings 25, Jeremiah 52; Psalms of Desolation (Jer. 52) Psalms 74,
79; Jeremiah Prophesies against Babylon Jeremiah 50, 51; Jeremiah's
Lamentations Lamentations 1 - 5; Ezekiel Pronounces Judgment on Tyre Ezekiel 26 - 28; Ezekiel Prophesies against
Egypt Ezekiel 29 - 32; Ezekiel the Watchman Ezekiel 33
First Temple 3316 Yehoyakim ben Yoshiahu becomes King of Judea (II Kings 23:36) 3320 Nebuchadnezzar, King of Babylon conquers Judea. He removes part of the Temple's holy vessels and children of the royal family take them to Babylon (Daniel 1)
3327 Yehoyachim (Yechonia) ben Yehoyakim becomes king and reigns for only three months. Nebuchadnezzar exiles him to Babylon together with 10,000 people and the Torah Sages (II Kings 24:16)
3327 Zedekiah ben Yehoyakim becomes the last King of Judea (24:18)
3338 The First Temple is destroyed. It had stood for 410 years.
3327 Zedekiah ben Yehoyakim becomes the last King of Judea (24:18)
3338 The First Temple is destroyed. It had stood for 410 years.
The Second Temple was destroyed by the Romans
in 70 CE, scattering the people of Judea and commencing the Jewish exile from the Holy Land.
66 CE Jewish revolt against
Rome.
Exactly 1947 years to 2017 CE from 70 CE
*70
CE Sabbath year (Shmita שמיטה)
9/10th of Av Second Temple Destroyed in
Jerusalem, which, according to the "Seder 'Olam," occurred at the end
of the last week of the Sabbatical year on the Sabbath, to the suppression of Bar Kokba's
revolt, or the destruction of Bethar, was a period of fifty-two years. . .
."JewishEncylopedia.com, SEDER 'OLAM RABBAH; www.creation-answers.com/chronoj.htm
1947 BC (Abraham born)+2017= 70 CE +1947=2017.
Christians who were
watching, left 3.5 years earlier (1260 days).
Following the Roman seige of Jerusalem,
the razing of Jerusalem occurred the next year. A Temple was built in its stead
to an idol.
According
to the Talmud in tractate Ta'anit, the destruction of the
Second Temple began on the ninth and was finally consumed by the flames the
next day on the Tenth of Av.
Second Temple 3768 Rome (the dominant power in Judea since 3648) begins to appoint the Kings of Judea. The first Roman appointee is Agrippas ben Aristoblus.
3788 The Sanhedrin is exiled (Avodah Zarah 9b). Rabban Yochanan ben Zakkai, a student of Hillel the Elder (who died in 3768), becomes Head of the Academy (Zemach David 910).
3804 Agrippas II becomes the last Roman-appointed King and Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel becomes Nassi (Prince).
3828 The Second Temple is destroyed. It had stood for 420 years.
3788 The Sanhedrin is exiled (Avodah Zarah 9b). Rabban Yochanan ben Zakkai, a student of Hillel the Elder (who died in 3768), becomes Head of the Academy (Zemach David 910).
3804 Agrippas II becomes the last Roman-appointed King and Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel becomes Nassi (Prince).
3828 The Second Temple is destroyed. It had stood for 420 years.
Bar Kokhba's revolt against Rome failed in 135 CE. Simon bar Kokhba was killed, and the city of Betar was destroyed.
4100 121 CE 82nd Jubilee
126, 133 Sabbath year
(Shmita שמיטה)
Mur 24E Jewish revolt began Two
Sabbatical Years connected with the Bar Kochba Revolt (132-135). Bar Kochba
made a land lease agreement in the second year of his revolt specifying 5 years
of harvest to be followed by the Sabbatical year. A rental contract, written in
Hebrew, dated to the era of the Bar Kochba revolt (labeled as “Mur 24E”),
showed that in the second year of the revolt five years of harvest would be
collected before the next Sabbatical year. This contract was found among
several contracts in the caves of Wadi Murabba’ (also known as Nahal Darga) in
the Judean Desert near Bethlehem. This property was seized by the Jews during
the revolt. They are dated on Shevat 20, year two of the Kochba revolt. Both
Eusebius ( Ecclesiastical History IV 6) and the best manuscripts of the Seder
Olam point to the 16th year of Hadrian as the specific year that the Jewish
revolt began, i.e. 133 C.E
Other calamities
Over
time, Tisha B'Av has come to be a Jewish day of mourning, not only for these
pre-Talmudic events, but also for later tragedies. Regardless of the exact
dates of these events, for many Jews, Tisha B'Av is the designated day of
mourning for them, and these themes are reflected in liturgy composed for this
day (see below).
Christopher
Columbus (Christoval Colon) and his crew set sail on this day.
Other
calamities associated with Tisha B'Av:
1. The Roman army plowed
Jerusalem with salt in 71 CE.
4050 71 CE 81st Jubilee (yovel יובל)
2.
In the year 130 CE, Emperor Hadrain ordered Govenor Tineius Rufus to plow
Jerusalem over. This plowing fulfilled Micah 3:12 to erase “Yehudah” from
memory.
3.
In 136 CE, Hadrian established a heathen temple on the site of the Jewish
Temple and rebuilt Jerusalem as a pagan city which was renamed “Aelia
Capitolina” to which the Jews were forbidden to enter. Hadrian also changed the
name of the region from Israel to “Palestina”.
4.
The crusades began in 1096, killing more than 1.2 million Jews along the way,
as Christians marched across Europe to the Land of Israel, to liberate it from
the infidel.
1095 CE Sabbath year (Shmita שמיטה);
Crusades 1095-1456
5.
In 1190, 500 Jews died in York, England, during an anti-Jewish riot during the
Third Crusade.
6. In 1242 Pope Urban II declared the Crusades on the 9th of Av
7.
Under orders from King Edward 1, Jews were expelled from England in 1290. They
were given until “All Saints Day” October 31 that year, to depart, and they did
not regain the right to settle there again until 1657.
1290 CE Sabbath year (Shmita שמיטה); 1291-1516 Mamluk rule of Israel
8.
The Alhambra Decree
of 1492, expelling the Jews from Spain, took effect on the 7th of Av, just two
days before Tisha B'Av. 200,000 Hispanic Jews had their property seized and
were forced to leave the country.
1492 CE Americas discovered by
Christopher Columbus
1492 CE
Blood red moons; From 1494 until 1949 there were ZERO sets of blood Red
Moons!
1493 CE Passover, April 2, 1493; Sukkot, Sept. 25,
1493
1494 CE Sabbath year (Shmita שמיטה) Passover, March 22, 1494; Sukkot, Sept. 15,
1494
9.
In 1555, Pope Paul IV moved all of the Jewish community in Rome into a foul
smelling area near the Tiber River. The Jewish community was then forced to pay
for the wall which was built around this ghetto.
10.
In the year 1626, the birth of Shabbetai Tsvi, a false Messiah, was recorded.
5600 1621 CE 112th Jubilee (yovel יובל);
1624 CE 62nd Jubilee year (yovel יובל);
1655 CE Sabbath Year Shemitah
11.
In 1882, the Pograms against Russian Jews began.
1881 CE Sabbath year (Shmita שמיטה)
1882-1903 First Aliya (large-scale immigration), mainly from Russia to Israel.
12.
In 1914 Tisha B'Av was August 1, the day Germany declared war on Russia and the
Swiss army mobilized. World War I caused unprecedented devastation across Europe and
set the stage for World War II and the Holocaust.
1910 CE Sabbath year (Shmita שמיטה)
1914 CE WW I July 28 (August 1), 1914 – November 11,
1918
1917 CE Sabbath year (Shmita שמיטה) Balfour
Declaration; Balfour Treaty (Land Restored) 2 November 1917; Spanish Flue
Pandemic; British Great Britain recognized the rights of the Jewish people to
establish a "national home". Third Aliya, mainly from Russia.
Notice something about these years. Do you
see a 4th Day event? The Sun, Moon, and Stars were created on the 4th
day. Yeshua came 4000 years from Creation approximately.
13.
WWI is declared. On the 9th of Av, 1914, and as Russia mobilized for
WWI, it launched persecutions against the Jews in eastern Russia.
14.
On the 7th of Av, in 1941, S.S. Reinhard Heydrich was appointed by
Goering to carry out the “final solution” (the murder of all the Jews in Europe).
Two days later, on the 9th of Av, 1941, S.S.Chief Heinrich Himmler
formerly presented his plan to the Nazi Party on the “final solution to the
Jewish problem”. One year later to the day, the plan was formerly implemented.
15.
In 1942, the first killings started at Treblinka. The first transport of
“deportees” left Malinia on July 23, 1942, in the morning hours. It was loaded
with Jews from the Warsaw ghetto which was packed with 500,000 Jews
transplanted from the now “Jewish Free Zones” the Nazis created. Nazis began a
systemic liquidation of the Ghetto transporting between 6,000 to 10,000 Jews a
day to extermination camps By fall, there were scarcely 40,000 Jews left in
Warsaw.
The
ordeal suffered by the Jews in Nazi Europe from 1933 to 1945 is conventionally
divided into two periods, before and after 1941. In the first period various
anti-Semitic measures were taken in Germany, and later Austria. In Germany,
after the Nuremberg Laws (1935) Jews lost citizenship rights, the right to hold
public office, practice professions, intermarry with Germans, or use public
education. Their property and businesses were registered and sometimes
confiscated. Continual acts of violence were perpetrated against them, and
official propaganda encouraged Germans to hate and fear them. As intended, the
result was mass emigration, cutting in half the half-million German and
Austrian Jewish population by the start of World War II. The second phase,
which occurred during WWII from 1941, spread to Nazi-occupied Europe, and involved
forced labour, massed shootings, etc.
Jews expelled out of Spain.
16.
In 1990, Saddam Hussain walked out of peace talks with Kuwait, signaling the
beginning of the Gulf War and in the months that followed, he proceeded to hurl
his missiles at Israel.
17.
Gaza was captured by Israel in the Six Day War of 1967. (n 1993, beginning on
the 9th of Av, Israel transferred the Gaza Strip to the Palestinian
National Authority.
Tisha
B'Av is the culmination of a three week period of increasing mourning,
beginning with the fast of the 17th of Tammuz, which commemorates the first breach in the walls
of Jerusalem, before the First Temple was destroyed. During this three week
period, weddings and other parties are not permitted, and people refrain from
cutting their hair. From the first to the ninth of Av, it is customary to refrain
from eating meat or drinking wine (except on the Shabbat) and from wearing new
clothing.
The
restrictions on Tisha B'Av are similar to those on Yom Kippur: to refrain from eating and
drinking (even water); washing, bathing, shaving or wearing cosmetics; wearing
leather shoes; engaging in sexual relations; and studying Torah. Work in the
ordinary sense of the word (rather than the Shabbat sense) is also restricted. People who are ill need
not fast on this day. Many of the traditional mourning practices are observed: people refrain from smiles,
laughter and idle conversation, and sit on low stools.
In
synagogue, the book of Lamentations is read and mourning prayers are recited.
The ark (cabinet where the Torah is kept) is draped in black.
Related Links:
The 9th of Av is a watch date for the possibility of the Psalm 83 War or WW III to break out.
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